Training is more than a one-time affair, it is a lifestyle. Not only does it give us, the humans, a rhythm, it provides limitless benefits for the animals we care for. But of course, the benefits rely on the training method.
Use of aversives, or stimuli that cause discomfort or pain, lead to increased stress, fear, and aggression regardless of species. So why do people tend to fall towards the Positive Punishment and Negative Reinforcement quadrants? There is an immediate behavioral affect, which is reinforcing for the human. We see our animal act, possibly in the way we want, which encourages us to use the same tactics. But what most don't see, is that the problem wasn't solved. Instead, the problem is momentarily suppressed. The animal will now act differently not because they want to but because they must.
Use of reinforcers, or stimuli that meet a need or cause pleasure, lead to less stress, increased desire to work, and teach the animal to "do something else". Yes, this method is slower, but it is stronger. The problem behaviors are less likely to resurface, and if they do they are usually to a lesser degree. This is where we see the limitless benefits.
Whether you're working with a puppy or a hawk, training provides a mental outlet and increases the welfare of the animal. It's why accredited zoos and aquariums require intensive training: it enriches the lives of the animals they care for and help keep staff and the animal safe during veterinary care. If you can train a large animal, like an elephant, to place its foot through a large opening, you can train that elephant to allow foot inspections and care. If the elephant is uncomfortable, they can choose to remove their foot. Similarly, we can apply this to our dogs, such as nail trims or brushing teeth. The dog chooses by not interacting with the training or leaning away from us. By listening to their body language we can encourage the dog to stick around or increase their tolerance to our touch and equipment, therefore giving consent to the action. This choice-based approach works, because choice is a primary reinforcer, just like food, water, and shelter.
Incorporating choice and rewarding experiences with your pet will boost your bond. You'll find that your puppy will focus more to your actions and common annoyances like barking and whining will decrease. Mental work turns into physical work with many animals; in fact, a high-thinking game with your dog may end with them physically tired!
Not only will you teach great manners and behaviors, you'll find yourself less stressed when guests come to visit or when you're out on a walk. But trained behaviors must be maintained, which is why training is certainly a lifestyle. Don't feel alarmed if you're not training for hours each day -- no one has that kind of time! Setting aside 10 minutes every day can do wonders with the growth of your pet's repertoire and your bond, and incorporating small training tasks throughout your normal interactions can maintain what you both have learned. Waiting patiently for the food bowl or at the door, loose-leash walking, nose touches, and place are all great behaviors that you can build from.
By viewing training as a fun activity (it should be!), you'll find yourself wanting to push yourself and your pet further. You will absolutely see the benefits and that's exactly why we train.
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